Where are tables located in database files?

This uses indexes to locate the files.

SELECT  [o].[crdate],
        DATEDIFF(MINUTE, [o].[crdate], GETDATE()) AS [MinAgo],
        [o].[name] AS [Tablename],
        [i].[indid],
        [i].[name] AS [IndexName],
        [i].[rowcnt],
        [i].[groupid],
        [f].[name] AS [FileGroupName],
        [d].[file_id],
        [d].[physical_name],
        [s].[name] AS [DataSpace]
FROM    [sys].[sysobjects] [o]
JOIN    [sys].[objects] [so]
ON      [so].[object_id] = [o].[id]
JOIN    [sys].[sysindexes] [i]
ON      [i].[id] = [o].[id]
JOIN    [sys].[filegroups] [f]
ON      [f].[data_space_id] = [i].[groupid]
JOIN    [sys].[database_files] [d]
ON      [f].[data_space_id] = [d].[data_space_id]
JOIN    [sys].[data_spaces] [s]
ON      [f].[data_space_id] = [s].[data_space_id]
WHERE   [is_ms_shipped] = 0
        AND [i].[name] IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY [Tablename],
        [IndexName],
        [d].[file_id]